How Long Does Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Live on Surfaces?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children under the age of 10. The disease is caused by the Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71, which are both members of the Picornaviridae family. One of the most common questions regarding HFMD is how long the virus can survive on various surfaces. Understanding this information is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease and maintaining a safe environment, especially in schools, nurseries, and day care centers.
The survival of the hand, foot, and mouth virus on surfaces is influenced by several factors, such as the type of surface, temperature, humidity, and the presence of disinfectants. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the virus can survive on surfaces for several hours to several days, depending on the conditions.
On hard, non-porous surfaces like metal, glass, and plastic, the virus can survive for up to 5 days. In contrast, on soft, porous surfaces like fabric and carpet, the virus may persist for a shorter period, typically 24 to 48 hours. The reason for this difference is that non-porous surfaces allow the virus to remain intact for a longer time, while porous surfaces tend to absorb the virus and break it down more quickly.
The temperature and humidity levels also play a significant role in the survival of the virus on surfaces. At room temperature (72°F or 22°C), the virus can survive for several hours. However, if the temperature is below freezing (32°F or 0°C), the virus may remain viable for up to 2 weeks. In hot and humid conditions (over 90°F or 32°C), the virus can survive for only a few hours.
To effectively prevent the spread of HFMD, it is essential to practice good hygiene and maintain a clean environment. Here are some recommended steps:
1. Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after coughing or sneezing.
2. Clean and disinfect surfaces that are frequently touched, such as toys, doorknobs, and desks, using a household cleaner or a solution of 1 tablespoon of bleach per gallon of water.
3. Encourage children to avoid sharing personal items like utensils, cups, and toothbrushes.
4. Keep children with HFMD away from school or day care until they are symptom-free for at least 24 hours.
5. Monitor children for symptoms of HFMD and report any cases to the appropriate authorities.
In conclusion, the hand, foot, and mouth virus can survive on surfaces for several hours to several days, depending on the conditions. By practicing good hygiene and maintaining a clean environment, it is possible to minimize the risk of spreading this highly contagious disease.
