What is tequila called when not made in Mexico? This question often puzzles tequila enthusiasts and newcomers alike. The answer, surprisingly, is simply “mezcal.” While mezcal and tequila are often used interchangeably, they are not the same spirit. Both are made from the agave plant, but the process and origin of production distinguish them. In this article, we will delve into the differences between mezcal and tequila and explore why they share the same name when not produced in Mexico.
Mezcal is a traditional Mexican spirit that has been produced for centuries. The word “mezcal” comes from the Nahuatl word “metl,” which means “agave.” Unlike tequila, which is produced exclusively in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Nayarit, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, mezcal can be made anywhere in Mexico. This flexibility in production locations allows mezcal to be a diverse spirit with a wide range of flavors and production methods.
One of the key differences between mezcal and tequila is the type of agave used. Tequila is made from the blue agave plant, which is primarily grown in the highlands of Jalisco. Mezcal, on the other hand, can be made from various types of agave, including the blue agave, but also from other agave species like espadin, tobalá, and tequilana weber azul.
The production process also varies between mezcal and tequila. Tequila is produced using a specific method called “destilación en horno,” which involves cooking the agave hearts (piñas) in an underground oven before fermentation and distillation. Mezcal production, however, is more diverse, with methods like “destilación en horno” as well as “destilación alcohólica,” which involves cooking the agave hearts in an open-air pit lined with stones and covered with banana leaves.
Despite these differences, mezcal and tequila share the same name when not made in Mexico. This is because the international market often does not distinguish between the two spirits, and many producers outside of Mexico label their agave-based spirits as mezcal. However, this practice can be misleading, as the true mezcal experience is unique to the regions where it is produced.
To ensure that consumers are getting the authentic mezcal experience, some countries have implemented regulations that require producers to label their products accurately. For example, in the United States, the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) has established rules that require mezcal producers to disclose the type of agave used and the region of origin.
In conclusion, what is tequila called when not made in Mexico is simply “mezcal.” While both spirits share a common origin and are made from the agave plant, their production processes and flavors differ significantly. It is essential for consumers to be aware of these differences and to support producers who adhere to the traditional methods and regulations of mezcal production. By doing so, we can appreciate the rich heritage and diversity of this fascinating spirit.
