Which of the following describes the viral disease mumps?
Mumps, also known as epidemic parotitis, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects the salivary glands. It is caused by the mumps virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. The disease is characterized by swelling of the parotid glands, which are located in front of the ears, and can lead to various complications if left untreated.
Mumps is a common disease, especially among children and adolescents. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with an infected person, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. The incubation period for mumps is typically 16 to 18 days, but it can range from 12 to 25 days.
The first symptoms of mumps usually include fever, headache, muscle aches, and loss of appetite. Within a few days, the salivary glands begin to swell, causing pain and tenderness. The swelling usually occurs on one side of the face, but it can affect both sides. In some cases, the glands may become very tender and painful, making it difficult to eat or drink.
While most people recover from mumps without complications, some may experience severe symptoms and complications. These can include meningitis (inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord), orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), or oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries). In rare cases, mumps can also lead to hearing loss, thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland), or pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent mumps. The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is recommended for children and adolescents, as well as for adults who have not been vaccinated or who have not had the disease. The vaccine is about 88% effective in preventing mumps, and it is usually given in two doses, with the first dose administered at 12 to 15 months of age and the second dose between 4 and 6 years of age.
In conclusion, mumps is a viral disease that can cause significant discomfort and, in some cases, serious complications. Vaccination is the best way to protect against mumps, and it is crucial for individuals to receive the recommended doses of the MMR vaccine to prevent the spread of the disease.
