What did James Garfield do as president? James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, served from March 4, 1881, to September 19, 1881. His presidency was marked by a brief yet significant tenure, characterized by his commitment to civil service reform and his tragic assassination. This article delves into the key accomplishments and events of his presidency, highlighting his efforts to reform the federal government and his impact on American history.
Garfield’s presidency began amidst the tumultuous aftermath of the Civil War. He was a strong advocate for civil service reform, which aimed to eliminate the “spoils system” that allowed political patronage and corruption. As president, he issued the “Garfield Pardon,” which granted amnesty to most former Confederates, fostering national reconciliation. However, his efforts to reform the civil service were met with resistance from Congress, and he faced significant opposition in his quest to implement these changes.
One of Garfield’s most notable achievements was the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which prohibited discrimination in public accommodations. This landmark legislation was the first federal law to protect the civil rights of African Americans. Despite the Supreme Court’s later reversal of the law, it laid the groundwork for future civil rights legislation.
Garfield’s presidency was also marked by his efforts to improve the nation’s infrastructure. He advocated for the construction of the transcontinental railroad and supported the development of the national banking system. These initiatives aimed to promote economic growth and stability, but they were not fully realized during his short tenure.
Unfortunately, Garfield’s presidency was cut short by his assassination. On July 2, 1881, Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker, shot Garfield at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station. The president’s recovery was a slow and painful process, but he continued to work despite his injuries. On September 19, 1881, Garfield succumbed to infections resulting from the shooting, making him the second U.S. president to be assassinated.
James A. Garfield’s presidency, though brief, left a lasting impact on American history. His commitment to civil service reform and his advocacy for civil rights set the stage for future progress in these areas. Despite his untimely death, Garfield’s legacy as a visionary leader continues to inspire and challenge Americans to strive for a more just and efficient government.
